Chemical genetics technology regulates the activity of GLP-1 neurons and its effect on appetite / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To conduct a glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1)controllability model rat by chemical genetics, and observe the impact of GLP-1 neuron excitability on appetite.Methods:Fifteen rats were evenly divided into Green fluorescent protein(GFP)group, HM3D group, and HM4D group. Various combinations of adeno-associated virus(rAAV)were injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius(NTS). rAAV-GLP-1-cre and rAAV-GFP-dio were administered in rats of GFP group. The rats of HM3D group were injected with rAAV-GLP-1-cre and rAAV-HM3D-mCherry-dio while rAAV-GLP-1-cre and rAAV-HM4D-mCherry-dio were injected in rats of HM4D group . The optimal dose of clozapine N-oxide(CNO)was selected based on feeding behavior and body weight changes of rats after intraperitoneal injection of different doses of CNO. The controllability of GLP-1 neurons was confirmed by comparing with intraperitoneal injection of saline. The number of activated GLP-1 neurons in the NTS area and the expression of POMC neurons in the hypothalamus were detected 30 minutes after CNO injection.Results:GLP-1 neurons in the NTS area of rats were successfully labeled. The rat of HM3D group revealed a decrease in food intake( P=0.021)while the rat of HM4D group showed an increase( P=0.002), when given 1 mg/kg of CNO, no changes at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg. Immunofluorescence showed that the activity of GLP-1 neurons in NTS of GFP group was lower than that of HM3D group( P=0.022), and higher compared with that of the HM4D group( P=0.049). The expression of GLP-1 neurons in NTS and POMC neurons in the hypothalamus of the HM3D group after intraperitoneal injection of CNO was also higher than that in the HM4D group( P=0.003). Conclusion:Using chemical genetics technology, GLP-1 controllability model rat could be successfully established via injecting varying combinations of rAAV into the NTS area of rat. Injection of 1 mg/kg CNO can effectively activate or inhibit the neuron to regulate appetite.

Effect of Zuogui pill on cognitive function in sleep-deprived rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of Zuogui pill on cognitive function in sleep-deprived rats.Methods:Thirty SPF Sprague-Dawley male rats, aged 8 weeks, weighing about 200 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), sleep deprivation group (group SD), low-dose Zuogui pill group (group L), medium-dose Zuogui pill group (group M) and high-dose Zuogui pill group (group H). The model of sleep deprivation was developed by the multi-platform water environment method.In L, M and H groups, the doses of Zuogui pill were 2.42, 4.84 and 9.68 g/kg, respectively, Zuogui pill was administered by intragastric gavage at 10: 00 am every day, and the volume of fluid for intragastric gavage was 4 ml each time.In C and SD groups, pure water was used for intragastric gavage.In L, M and H groups, the liquid was prepared according to the corresponding doses of Zuogui pill for intragastric gavage, once a day for 7 consecutive days.The cognitive function was evaluated by the Morris water maze test.After the end of the second behavioral testing, blood samples from the eyeballs were collected, and then the rats were sacrificed by decapitation, and brains were removed and the hippocampus was obtained for determination of the concentrations of serum interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hippocampal tissues (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in hippocampal tissues (by Western blot). Results:Compared with group C, the total swimming distance and escape latency were significantly prolonged, the time of staying at the original quadrant and the number of crossing the platform were decreased, the levels of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and hippocampal tissues were increased, the content of MDA was increased, and the contents of GSH-Px and SOD were decreased in the other groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group SD, the total swimming distance and escape latency were significantly shortened, and the time of staying at the original quadrant was prolonged, and the number of crossing the platform was increased, the levels of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and hippocampal tissues were decreased, the content of MDA was decreased, and the contents of GSH-Px and SOD were increased in L, M and H groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Zuogui pill can improve the cognitive function in sleep-deprived in rats, and the mechanism is related to inhibition of inflammatory responses and improvement in the antioxidant capacity.

Correlationship between ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 2677G>T/A gene polymorphism and cyclosporine blood concentration in patients with autoimmune diseases / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the distribution of blood concentration of cyclosporine (CsA) in patients with autoimmune disease in China, and analyze the effect of genetic polymorphisms of CsA-metabolizing enzymes, transporters and target enzymes on CsA levels.Methods:Steady-state trough blood concentrations (CsA C 0) of 193 patients' were detected by enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique. The genotype of the following sites in the included patients were sequenced by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A420230C>T, CYP3A56986A>G, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1)1236C>T, ABCB12677G>T/A, ABCB13435C>T, cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) 1508 C>T and formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) C>G were sequenced by RT-PCR. The influence of the gene polymorphism of the above-mentioned sites on the blood concentration of CsA was analyzed by using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), LSD- t test, Chi-square test. Results:One hundred and ninety-three patients included took CsA. The doses ranged from 75-200 mg/d and the patients' blood concentration distribution span was wide (33.0-313.8 ng/ml). The daily dose ( χ2=21.908, P=0.001) and age( F=4.262, P=0.006) had significant effect on the plasma concentration of CsA. ABCB12677G>T/A (rs2032582) gene polymorphism impacted on the unit dose of CsA C 0 (CsA C 0/d), CsA C 0/d [(0.81±0.42) ng·ml -1·mg -1] in wild type (GG) was higher than heterozygous mutant [GT/GA, (0.65±0.30) ng·ml -1·mg -1, P=0.023) and homozygous mutant (TT/AA/TA, (0.66±0.34) ng·ml -1·mg -1, P=0.039). Conclusion:The blood concentration of patients varies greatly among individuals. The Cold of CsA in wild type patients with ABCB12677G>T/A gene is signifficantly higher than that in mutant patients.

Distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Relevant Factors in 6 Months After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in 6 months after interventional therapy, and to analyze relevant influencing factors. Method:The clinical data of 1 000 patients with coronary heart disease in 6 months after interventional therapy, including the four diagnosis information of TCM, were collected, and the distribution of TCM syndromes and the influencing factors were analyzed. Result:Among 48 kinds of information about the four diagnostic methods of TCM, chest pain was the most frequent (98.10%)， among 9 kinds of common TCM syndrome types, blood stasis was the most frequent (89.90%), and the others were heart-Qi deficiency syndrome, phlegm turbidity syndrome, cold-dampness syndrome, kidney-Qi deficiency syndrome, heart-Yin deficiency syndrome, kidney-Yin deficiency syndrome, Heart-Yang deficiency syndrome and kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome in turn. Among 6 common TCM syndrome types, Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were the most frequent (35.40%), and the others were phlegm turbidity and blood stasis syndrome, cold congealing heart pulse syndrome, Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome, heart-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome and heart-kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome in turn. There was no significant difference in sex ratio among different syndrome types . Patients with heart-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome had no significant difference. Compared with the average age of other syndromes, there were significant differences. Common complications included hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases and dyslipidemia, among which hypertension had the highest frequency, with significant differences from other diseases (P<0.05). Phlegm, turbidity and blood stasis were found in patients with hypertension. The risk of syndromes was higher (OR=3.29, 95% CI [2.11, 5.05]), while the risk of cold congealing heart pulse syndrome was lower (OR=0.56, 95% CI [0.32, 0.98]), the risk of Qi and Yin deficiency was higher (OR=2.88, 95% CI [2.01, 4.99]), whereas the risk of heart and kidney Yang deficiency was lower (OR=0.54, 95% CI [0.29, 0.95]) when complicated with cerebrovascular diseases. The risk of Qi deficiency and blood stasis was higher (OR=2.97, 95% CI [2.05, 5.28]), while the risk of heart and kidney Yang deficiency was lower (OR=0.54, 95% CI [0.29, 0.95])， the risk of phlegm turbidity and blood stasis was higher when complicated with dyslipidemia (OR=3.55, 95% CI [2.32, 5.29]), and the risk of heart and kidney Yang deficiency was lower (OR=0.54, 95% CI [0.29, 0.95]). The time distribution of the disease had obvious seasonal characteristics. Conclusion:The main distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes in 6 months after coronary heart disease intervention are basically the same as those in patients without intervention. The main TCM syndromes are Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, phlegm turbidity and blood stasis syndrome, cold congealing heart pulse syndrome, Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome, heart-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome and heart-kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome. The distribution pattern may be related to age, complications and seasons.

Distribution Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes in Patients with Critical Lesions of Coronary Heart Disease / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of critical lesions of coronary heart disease, and determine the classification and diagnostic criteria of syndromes, so as to provide reference for the differentiation and treatment of this disease. Method::Totally 1 000 patients with critical lesions of coronary heart disease treated in the Department of Cardiology, Yunnan Provinceal Hospital of TCM from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected as the subjects by clinical epidemiological research methods. Basic information, diagnosis and treatment of the patients, as well as the information obtained through observation, hearing, inquiry and pulse-taking of TCM were collected. Symptoms, signs, tongue signs, pulse signs and other four diagnostic information, as well as relevant clinical data were collected for mathematical statistics analysis by cluster analysis and factor analysis research methods, and expert group opinions were also included in discussion. Result::First, the results of cluster analysis showed six types of basic TCM syndromes in accordance with the clinically actual critical lesions of coronary heart disease: blood stasis syndrome, phlegm turbidity syndrome, cold congealing heart pulse syndrome, Qi deficiency syndrome, heart-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome, Heart-Yang deficiency syndrome. Second, a factor analysis was carried out on the basis of cluster analysis, and the main syndromes of each basic syndromes were preliminarily determined. Third, because of the duplicate content or the unified combination of different syndromes, the TCM syndromes of the critical lesions of coronary heart disease can be summarized in five categories, namely phlegm turbidity and blood stasis syndrome (368 cases, 36.80%), cold congestion heart pulse syndrome (156 cases, 15.60%), Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome (315 cases, 31.50%), Yin deficiency of heart and kidney (91 cases, 9.10%) and Heart-Yang depression (70 cases, 7.00%). The main and secondary syndromes refer to factor analysis results of six basic syndromes. Conclusion::Cluster analysis and factor analysis can be made on TCM syndromes of critical lesions of coronary heart disease to pave the way for the classification of TCM syndromes and the establishment of diagnostic criteria of TCM syndromes of coronary heart disease, with an important clinical significance.

The effect of electroacupuncture on synaptic plasticity and autophagy in a rat model of Alzheimer′s disease / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on synaptic plasticity and the expression of autophagy-related proteins in the hippocampus in Alzheimer′s disease (AD). To explore how EA might improve cognition in AD.Methods:Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group and an EA group. The rat model of AD was established by injecting Aβ1-42 into the bilateral CA1 area of the hippocampus. The sham operation group was injected with an equal amount of normal saline at the same site. Starting the day after the successful modelling, the EA group received 20 minutes of EA treatment at the Baihui (DU20) and bilateral Shenshu (BL23) acupoints once a day, 6 times a week for 2 weeks. The rats′ learning and memory were then tested using a Morris water maze. The long-term potentiation (LEP) in the hippocampus was assessed using a MED64 microelectrode array and any ultrastructural changes of autophagosomes were detected using an electron microscope. The expression of the autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and microtubule associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) in the hippocampus were determined using western blotting.Results:The escape latency was significantly shorter and the times crossing the platform increased significantly in the EA group compared with the model group. The average amplitude of the postsynaptic excitatory field potentials in the EA group was significantly higher than among the model group. There were many autophagosomes in the hippocampal neurons of the model group, significantly more than in the EA group. The LC3II/LC3I ratio and Beclin-1 protein expression decreased significantly in the EA group compared to the model group.Conclusions:EA can improve learning and memory and restore LEP in the hippocampus of rats modeling AD. The mechanism may be related to its regulation of autophagy in hippocampal neurons.

The therapeutic effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on patients with severe breast cancer-associated lymphedema / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on patients with moderate to severe breast cancer-associated lymphedema (BCAL) with skin fibrosis and upper limb symptoms receiving complex decongestive therapy (CDT).Methods:Forty patients with moderate to severe breast cancer-associated lymphedema were randomly divided into an ESWT+ CDT group and a CDT group, each of 20. Both groups received manual lymph drainage, 5 times per week for 4 weeks with short elastic bandages or compression cuffs. The ESWT+ CDT group was additionally provided ESWT (2.0 bar, 5 Hz, 2500 pulses) twice a week for 4 weeks. Limb swelling, skin fibrosis and symptoms of lymphedema were assessed using the circumference measurement method, modified Rodnan skin scores (mRSSs), and the Breast Cancer and Lymphedema Symptoms Experience Index (BCLE-SEI) before the treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks.Results:After 2 weeks the limb volume, skin sclerosis and lymphedema symptoms of both groups had improved significantly, with the average limb volume, mRSS score and BCLE-SEI score of the ESWT+ CDT group significantly better than those of the CDT group. After 4 weeks of treatment, the limb volume, skin sclerosis and lymphedema symptoms further improved in both groups with the ESWT+ CDT group again showing significantly greater improvement.Conclusion:ESWT can further accelerate the recovery of patients with lymphatic edema after breast cancer surgery receiving CDT therapy, correct the cycle of skin fibrosis and lymphedema, and relieve complications such as limb pain. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Determination of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in the breast milk of patients with autoimmune disease / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To determine the concentration of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its active metabolite deethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ) in breast milk of lactating patients with autoimmune disease. To observe the safety of hydroxychloroquine in lactation period, and to explore the factors that may affect HCQ and DHCQ concentration in the milk.Methods:Lactating patients with autoimmune disease who have taken HCQ for at least 6 months were included in our study. A new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established to detect HCQ and DHCQ levels in breast milk. Milk samples were collected at different time points: before taking the drug (0 hours), and 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours after taking the drug. In addition, the genotype of cytochrome CYP3A4*1G, CYP3A5*3 and CYP2D6*10 which were related to HCQ metabolism were tested by dideoxy chain termination method. Visual acuity, hearing and growth status of the patients' infants were followed up on a regular basis. T-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's test were used for data analysis. Results:In 15 patients, the average concentration of HCQ and DHCQ in the milk of patients taking 200 mg/d were (520±261) ng/ml and (177±112) ng/ml, respectively. While the average concentration of HCQ and DHCQ in the milk of patients taking 400 mg/d were (1 036±374) ng/ml and (397±271) ng/ml, respectively. The peak of HCQ level for 11 patients was at 4 hour after taking the drug, while the others' were at 2 hour. The breast-fed infants did not show any abnormal symptoms of hearing, vision and growth. However, cytochrome gene polymorphism did not affect the peak of HCQ and DHCQ.Conclusion:The concentration of HCQ and DHCQ in breast milk is positively correlated to the dosage. The peak level of HCQ milk is 4 hours after taking the drug. The levels of HCQ and DHCQ at 6 hours are similar as those in the whole blood. It is suggested that patients who take HCQ can feed 4 hours after taking the drug to reduce the HCQ and its active metabolites being absorbed by infants. However, the impact of HCQ on infant safety and gene polymorphism of CYP on milk concentration among individuals needs to be further verified in large sample studies and long-term follow-up.

Liraglutide prevents high glucose-induced adhesion of endothelial cells to monocyte by targeting IKK/NF-κB / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the inhibition effect of liraglutide (lira) on high glucose-induced adhesion of endothelial cells to monocyte.Methods Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by high glucose (20 mmol/L) were incubated with different concentrations of liraglutide (0,0.3,3,30 nmol/L) for different time.THP-1 cells were pre-labeled with Calcein-AM and then incubated with HUVECs for 1 h,M199 medium were used for washing the nonadherent cells for 3 times,and the adhesion of HUVECs to THP-1 cells were measured by Fluorence microplate reader;real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),respectively.Western blot was used to measure the content of IκBα,p-IκBα and the distribution of p65 in plasma and nuclear.GST-IκBα was introduced as substrate to test the activity of IκB-kinase (IKK).Results The adhesion of HUVECs to THP-1 (P ＜ 0.01),the mRNA and protein expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01),the phosphorylation of κBα (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01),the translocation of p65 subunit from plasma to nuclear and the activity of IKK (P ＜ 0.01) in HUVECs were all elevated by stimulation with 20 mmol/L glucose,and the content of IκBα was decreased accordingly (P ＜0.01).Pre-incubation with lira could reverse the above effect of high concentration of glucose.Conclusions Lira could reduce VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression through IKK/NF-κB pathways in 20 mmol/L glucose-induced HUVECs,which finally suppress THP-1-HUVECs adhesion.

Effect of Wendantang on Related Inflammatory Factors and Expression of STAT3 as a Key Molecule in JAK2/STAT3 Pathway of Rats with Obesity Phlegm-dampness Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Wendantang on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-17,IL-22 and other related inflammatory factors in peripheral blood and the expression of STAT3[the key molecule of Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3) signal pathway in hypothalamus] mRNA and protein of obese rats with syndrome of phlegm-dampness,so as to explore the internal mechanism of Wendantang in interfering obesity with syndrome of phlegm-dampness. Method:A total of 100 rats were randomly divided into blank group(30 rats) and modeling group(70 rats),rats in the blank group was fed with basic feed and the modeling group was fed with high-fat feed for 6 weeks.Animal model of obesity with syndrome of phlegm-dampness was established by the method in literature.After successful modeling,16 obese rats were selected and randomly divided into the model group and Wendantang intervention group with 8 rats in each group,and another 8 rats in the blank group were randomly selected as the normal group.Rats in Wendantang intervention group were given 15 g·kg-1 of crude drug by gavage,while the model group and the normal group were given the same amount of distilled water for gavage once a day for 6 weeks.No eating but no prohibiting drinking before dealing with 12 h and then taking samples after anesthesia.The body weight,Lee's index and obesity rate of rats were measured,the levels of blood lipids[total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)] of rats were detected with a full-automatic biochemical analyzer according to the requirements of the kit,the expression of TNF-α,IL-17,IL-22 and IL-6 in peripheral blood of rats was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),STAT3 mRNA expression in hypothalamus of rats was detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) and the expression of STAT3 protein in hypothalamus of rats was detected with Western blot. Result:The high-fat feed feeding could successfully replicate the obese rat model,and the obesity rate of rats in the modeling group was greater than 20%,and compared with the blank group,the body weight and Lee's index of rats in the modeling group were significantly increased(PPPPPPPPPPPConclusion:Wendantang has a good effect on improving phlegm-dampness in obese rats,and the mechanism may be related to regulating JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway then to improve the chronic inflammatory state of the body,and all of which provides a scientific basis for Wendantang in intervening obesity with syndrome of phlegm-dampness.

Clinical efficacy of a two-year oral health programme for infants and toddlers in Singapore

INTRODUCTION@#Dental caries, which is prevalent in Singapore preschoolers, is a disease that has a major impact on children's health and places a high cost on the society and health services. Oral health programmes for young children implemented in some parts of the world have been shown to be effective in the prevention of dental caries. We aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of a two-year oral health programme for infants and toddlers in Singapore.@*METHODS@#90 children and their caregivers participated in the programme, and 64 children, who were 24 months older than the intervention group at the initial visit, were recruited as controls in a quasi-experimental study design. We evaluated the presence of severe early childhood caries (SECC) and dmfs in the control group at the initial visit and in the intervention group after the completion of the two-year programme.@*RESULTS@#Some children in the intervention (7.8%) and control (31.3%) groups (p < 0.001) had SECC (difference 23.5%, 95% confidence interval 11%-36%). A higher percentage of children in the intervention group had dmfs = 0 and habits associated with low risk for caries. The odds of SECC in the control group were three times higher than that for the intervention group, and the effect was significant (p = 0.037) after adjustment for other significant risk factors.@*CONCLUSION@#The preventive oral health programme in Singapore was successful in reducing SECC among infants and toddlers when targeted behaviour modifications were implemented.

High-Tech Acupuncture for Prevention of Lifestyle Diseases-A Sino-Austrian Cooperation Research Protocol on Heart Rate Variability / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Acupuncture can not only be used for well-known diseases, but also for so-called modern lifestyle-related diseases. Using innovative methods like e.g. new analyses of heart rate variability (HRV), it is also possible to investigate diseases like burnout syndrome, ie., qi deficiency in Chinese medicine (CM).</p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The main object of this research protocol is to perform research on the relationship of burnout syndrome and heart rate (HR) and HRV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 175 patients with burnout syndrome (qi deficiency syndrome) in five groups and 35 healthy volunteers will be investigated. Based on random numbers generated by computer and concealed in opaque envelops, the patients will be assigned to four acupuncture groups using Zusanli (ST 36) acupuncture stimulation, Guanyuan (CV4) acupuncture stimulation, both points, and both points with Streitberger device respectively, and a moxibustion group using both points mentioned above, with 35 cases in each group. Altogether four different experiments are planned. Experiment 1 includes 70 subjects and is a comparison between a burnout group and a control group (healthy volunteers). The evaluation parameters are different scores and indices of HR and HRV. Experiment 2 includes 140 subjects and compares the efficacy of different acupuncture points. In experiment 3 (105 subjects), acupuncture and moxibustion should be compared to healthy volunteers. Experiment 4 (70 subjects) investigates the long-term therapeutic effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on the scores of qi deficiency and HR/HRV in qi deficiency patients. In both the acupuncture and moxibustion groups, a total of 10 treatments will be performed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The joint research aims at the scientific evaluation of CM, mainly in the field of HRV. This parameter could be a very good indicator of the state of health and can be inflfluenced by different acupuncture methods, as shown in the past.</p>

Effectiveness of three different anesthetic techniques in intraventricular catheterization and its effect on survival rate of the rats / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of three different anesthetic techniques in intraventricular catheterization and its effect on the survival rate of rats. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were equally allocated into 3 groups:chloral hydrate group,pentobarbital sodium group and isoflurane group. Intraventricular catheterization was performed in the rats after anesthesia with i. p. injection of chloral hydrate and pentobarbital sodium, and isoflurane inhalation, respectively. Levels of blood glucose were detected before and at 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after anesthesia. Body mass and 24-hour food intake were recorded before and at 1, 3, 7 days after anesthesia. The onset time and effective time of anesthesia, operation time and the survival rates on 30 days of the rats were compared and analyzed. Results The onset time and effective time of anesthesia, and the operation time in the isoflurane group were shorter than that in the chloral hydrate group, while these parameters in this group were shorter than that in the pentobarbital sodium group. Blood glucose in the chloral hydrate group was apparently increased during the surgical operation, while the body mass, 24-hour food intake and blood glucose were decreasing since one day after operation, and all the rats in this group died during the 30-day observation, mainly, due to enteroplegia. Blood glucose in the pentobarbital sodium group was mildly increased after anesthesia, while the body mass, 24-hour food intake and blood glucose were mildly decreased at one day after operation and recovered within one week. In this group, 3 rats died of respiratory distress due to overdose anesthesia and one rat died during the 30 day-observation. The blood glucose in the isoflurane group was mildly increased after operation, while the 24-hour food intake and blood glucose did not markedly changed, the body mass was stably increased, and no rat died during the 30-day-observation. Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate is not suitable for intraventricular catheterization in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium can be only carefully applied for intraventricular catheterization under poorly-limited conditions. Isoflurane inhalation anesthesia is recommended for intraventricular catheterization in rats.

Effect of Therapy of Tonifying Kidney,Activating Bone-marrow,and Unblocking Collaterals on Thromboelastogram Platelet Maximum Amplitude Value of Patients with Chronic Aplastic Anemia / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of therapy of tonifying kidney,activating bone-marrow, and unblocking collaterals for patients with chronic aplastic anemia (CAA), and to investigate its effect on thromboelastogram platelet maximum amplitude (Ma) value for exlporing its therapeutic mechanism. Methods Sixty CAA patients were randomized into trial group and control group, 30 cases in each group. The control group was given oral use of Stanozolol and Cyclosporin A, and the trial group was orally given the recipe with the actions of tonifying kidney,activating bone-marrow,and unblocking collaterals,which is mainly composed of Radix Rehmanniae,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata,Caulis Spatholobi,Semen Cuscutae,Fructus Lycii,Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, Herba Ecliptae, Pheretima, and Semen Strychni Preparata. The clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment,and peripheral hemogram and thromboelastogram Ma value of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. Results (1)The trial group had better western medicine therapeutic effect and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)syndrome therapeutic effect than the control group, the difference being signficant (P < 0.01).(2) After treatment, TCM syndrome scores, parameters of blood routine test,thromboelastogram Ma value of the two groups were improved compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),and the improvement in the trial group was superior to that in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Therapy of tonifying kidney, activating bone-marrow, and unblocking collaterals is effective on improving blood coagulation function by increasing the quality and amount of platelet.

Differences of acupuncture and moxibustion on heart rate variability in-deficiency syndrome:a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the improvement of acupuncture and moxibustion on symptoms of-deficiency syndrome as well as their differences on the parameters of heart rate variability (HRV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients with-deficiency syndrome and 15 healthy volunteers were recruited. Thirty patients with-deficiency syndrome were randomly assigned into an acupuncture group and a moxibustion group, 15 cases in each one. Fifteen healthy volunteers were allocated as a healthy control group. Patients in the acupuncture group and healthy control group were treated with acupuncture while patients in the moxibustion group were treated with moxibustion. Guanyuan (CV 4) and Zusanli (ST 36) were chosen for treatment, once every other day, for totally 10 times. All the patients were evaluated with-deficiency assessment scale (QDAS) and HRV parameters before treatment, after 4th treatment and after all treatment. The correlation was analyzed between QDAS and HRV parameters, and HRV parameters were compared among the three groups before treatment, after 4th treatment and after all treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared before treatment, the scores of QDAS were decreased in the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group after 4th treatment and after all treatment (all<0.05); after all treatment the score of QDAS in the moxibustion group was lower than that in the acupuncture group (<0.05). The HRV parameters of-deficiency syndrome were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers with higher correlation with QDAS. Compared before treatment, the mean heart rate was decreased after treatment (<0.05), while total HRV and low frequency were increased in the moxibustion group (both<0.05). The mean heart rate in the healthy control group was increased after treatment (<0.05). The differences of HRV parameters before and after treatment were not significant in the acupuncture group (all>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Total HRV can reflect the severity of-deficiency syndrome. Both acupuncture and moxibustion can improve symptoms of-deficiency patients, which is superior in moxibustion. The possible mechanism is likely to be related with improved sustainable activation of autonomic nervous system.</p>

Expression of CXCR7 in Acute Monocytic Leukemia and Its Effects on THP-1 Cell Functions / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of stromal cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) receptor CXCR7 in acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5), and its effects on proliferation, apoptosis, invasion of acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CXCR7 protein and mRNA expression levels in THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from the newly diagnosed AML-M5 patients and normal individuals were detected by flow cytometry, Western blot and RT-PCR respectively. CCK8, Annexin V/PI double staining and Transwell assay were used to observe the effects of CXCR7 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of THP-1 cells in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of CXCR7 on immature cell surface of the newly diagnosed AML-M5 patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CXCR7 was also highly expressed on THP-1 cells surface. The CXCR7 protein and mRNA levels in THP-1 cells and PBMNC of AML-M5 patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The THP-1 cell proliferation activity was higher in SDF-1α-treated group, but this activity could be inhibited by CXCR7 antibody (P<0.01). CXCR7 antibody did not affect THP-1 cell apoptosis (P>0.05). CXCR7 antibody could inhibit SDF-1α -induced THP-1 cell invasiveness (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CXCR7 highly expresses in AML-M5 patients and THP-1 cells, and involves in cell proliferation and invasion. The blocking CXCR7 expression can reduce the risk of AML-M5 cell infiltration.</p>

Weak central coherence of metaphor semantic processing in adults with high-functioning autism / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore that if the weak central coherence cognitive characteristic exist in metaphor semantic integration and how does it change through the familiarity of metaphor in the adults with high functioning autism (HFA).Methods:Totally 20 adults with HFA from a service institution of autistic disorder and their 20 typically developing (TD) peers from ordinary schools were recruited into present study who were matched on intelligence quotient (IQ).Priming task was used in present study,in which were set two groups of metaphor sentences (novel-metaphor sentences,conventional-metaphor sentences) as priming sentences and four groups of word (metaphor-relationship-explaining word,vehicle-relevance word,irrelevant word,pseudo words) as target words.A recognition task was used to support the results of priming task.Results:HFA adults showed the highest processing efficiency of vehicle-relevance word in the novel-metaphor and conventional-metaphor priming conditions,the reaction time were (960.7 ±9.7) ms and (747.5 ± 12.8) ms,and the accuracies were 94.8％ and 98.4％.TD adults showed the highest processing efficiency of metaphor-relationship-explaining word in the novel-metaphor and conventional-metaphor priming conditions,the reaction time were (817.4 ± 9.0) ms and (619.5 ± 9.9) ms,and the accuracies were 93.3％ and 98.2％.In recognition tasks,HFA adults showed the highest recognition efficiency of vehicle-relevance word in the novel-metaphor and conventional-metaphor conditions,the reaction time were (732.2 ±11.9) ms and (788.8 ± 11.7) ms,and the accuracies were 78.9％ and 81.8％.TD adults showed the highest recognition efficiency of metaphor-relationship-explaining word in the novel-metaphor and conventional-metaphor conditions,the reaction time were (694.0 ± 10.8) ms and 696.1 ± 11.2)ms,and the accuracies were 76.7％ and 84.2％.Conclusion:It suggests that HFA adults have weak central coherence cognitive processing characteristic on the deep semantic processing level such as metaphor,and this kind of characteristic would get more obvious from conventional-metaphor to novel-metaphor.

Construction of nursing performance evaluation indicator system in military hospitals / 中华护理杂志

Objective To establish a nursing performance evaluation indicator system in military hospitals,so as to provide reference for standardized nursing performance management. Methods Based on literature review,group discussion and qualitative interviews,two rounds of consultation were conducted among 19 experts using Delphi method. Results The nursing performance evaluation indicator system in military hospitals included 3 first-level in-dicators,13 second-level indicators and 60 third-level indicators. Experts' authority coefficient,judgment coefficient and familiarity coefficient were 0.930,0.960,0.900,respectively. The coordination coefficients of the first-level,sec-ond-level and third-level were 0.517,0.490 and 0.459. Variation coefficients were 0~0.113. Conclusion The nurs-ing performance evaluation indicator system in military hospitals based on Delphi method is scientific and reliable, which provides references for nursing performance in clinical units and makes significant contributions to nursing performance management in military hospitals.

Recent progress in metabolomics with regard to diabetic complications and glucose fluctuation / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease and poses serious threat to human health. Diabetic complications are the major causes of both morality and disability. In recent years, studies show that the glucose fluctuation plays an important role in the development of chronic diabetic complications. As a new discipline to identify the overall metabolic changes of living organisms, metabolomics provides new insights into the study of diabetes and diabetic complications. In this paper, the recent studies on the development of chronic diabetic complications and blood glucose fluctuation in the field of metabolomics were reviewed.

Mechanism of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in ischemic postconditio-ning neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia in tree shrews / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the regulatory effect of JAK 2-STAT3 signaling pathway on the neuroprotection of ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) in tree shrews, and to explore the mechanisms of cerebral injury deterioration after in-hibiting the JAK2-STAT3 pathway .METHODS:The model of thrombotic cerebral ischemia was induced by photochemical reaction in tree shrews and the IPoC was established at 4 h after ischemia followed by clipping ipsilateral common carotid ar-tery on the ischemia side for 5 min ( 3 times ) .After IPoC and intracerebroventricular injection of AG 490 ( JAK2 inhibi-tor), the changes of cerebral infarction area were detected by TTC staining , and the histological and ultrastructural changes of cortical neurons were observed under light and electron microscopes , respectively .The protein levels of t-STAT3 and p-STAT3 in the cortical tissue were determined by Western blot .RESULTS:The neuronal pycnosis , mitochondrial swelling and vanish of the mitochondrial cristae were found in cortical cortex , and the infarction area was (24.78 ±3.30)%at 24 h after cerebral ischemia .Meanwhile, the phosphorylation level of STAT 3 protein in the cortical tissue was significantly in-creased (P<0.01).The cortical neuronal damage and mitochondrial swelling were decreased after IPoC , the area of cere-bral infarction was significantly reduced to (17.67 ±1.83)%(P<0.01), and the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein was further increased ( P<0.01 ) .However , the neuronal damage was aggravated , the infarction area was expanded to (23.85 ±2.77)%(P<0.05) after treatment with AG490, and the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein was also signif-icantly reduced ( P <0.05 ) .CONCLUSION: IPoC may reduce cerebral injury by regulating the phosphorylation of STAT3 protein, and inhibition of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway may counteract the cerebral protective effect of IPoC and aggravate brain injury .